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House of Lubomirski
The Lubomirski family – Polish princely family of the Szreniawa coat of arms without a Cross.
== Origin and the coat of arms ==
The Lubomirski family has been present in the history of Poland since the 10th century. There are two theories of the family origin. The former, by Adam Boniecki, Polish heraldist, assumes that there were two branches of the family. One settled at the Szreniawa River in Proszowice County, while the other established itself in Szczyrzyc County. The date of the division of the family is not known, but most likely it was before the adoption of Christianity by Poland. The Szreniawici family had a common coat of arms, which means that they also had the same predecessors. At the time of Mieszko I, the members of the family demonstrated bravery in battles against pagans. For this deed, they were rewarded the rank of knight and a coat of arms. The fellowship (Szreniawa without a Cross) depicts bends of the Szreniawa River in the form of a letter S of white colour on a red background. With the motto Patriam Versus (Turned to the Homeland) it has been used by the representatives of the family to the present time.〔A. Boniecki, A. Reiski, herbarz polski, part 1, Wiadomości historyczno-genealogiczne o rodach szlacheckich, v. 15, Gebethner i Wolf, Warsaw 1912, p. 56 – 57.〕
The author of the second theory of the family origin is the medievalist Władysław Semkowicz. In his article “The fellowship and Śreniawa. Heraldic study” (i Śreniawa. Studyum heraldyczne” ) he writes that the family used to live at the banks of the Szreniawa River in Szczyrzycki poviat, the area surrounded by the Raba and Stradomka Rivers, the Trzciański Brook and the Łososina and Krzyworzeka Streams. Semkowicz describes that original family territory of Drużynnici (predecessors of the Lubomirski, Wieruski, Rupniewski and Lasocki families) was located there. However, the coat of arms does not show bends of a river, but a curved rod – a sign of episcopal or secular power. It would mean that many centuries before the adoption of the name, the family had served significant functions associated with power.〔W. Semkowicz, Drużyna i Śreniawa. Studyum heraldyczne, „Kwartalnik Historyczny”, R. 14 (1900), p. 200 – 222. This theory assumes in the later part that yet in the 15th century Jan Długosz incorrectly described the origin of the coat of arms of the fellowship (Szreniawa without a Cross), and other heraldists made the mistake after him. It does not change the fact that the above-described coat of arms is still used by members of the family.〕
Further history of the Szreniawici or Drużynnici families is closely linked with the court of the rulers of the Piast dynasty. One of them was a canon at the Wawel court. People using this coat of arms belonged to the inner circle of Bolesław Śmiały – his personal team, as mentioned by the most famous Polish chronicler Jan Długosz in ''Annals or Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom of Poland'' (czyli Kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego'' ). The oldest document on the Lubomirski family comes from the 11th century. It is the property section entered in the register in 1682 in Kraków. The original no longer exists. There is only a mention in the Crown Register under a given year.〔A. Boniecki, A. Reiski, Herbarz polski, part 1, Wiadomości historyczno-genealogiczne o rodach szlacheckich, v. 15, Gebethner i Wolf, Warsaw 1912, 56 – 58. However, the authors of Herbarz argue that this document was a forgery.〕 Successive members of the family took up positions of bishops,〔For example, Piotr, Archbishop of Gniezno coming from the Szreniawici family led mediation between the princes of the Piast dynasty during the congress in Łęczyca in 1180. See K. Niecsiecki S. J. Herbarz polski powiększony dodatkami z późniejszych autorów, rękopisów, dowodów urzędowych, v. 8, Breitkopf w Haertel, Lipsk 1841, p. 469 – 472.〕 central functions at the court of the Piast dynasty; extended their estates through investing in land, mainly within the territory of the Małopolska province. Jakub Lubomirski served as a borough writer in the 14th century.
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